Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble high polymer made from vinyl acetate through polymeric alcohol solution. Its property is between plastics and rubber products. PVA products can be devides into two categories: fiber and non-fiber. There are two main synthesis route, one is use ethylene as raw material to produce vinyl acetate, then to produce polyvinyl alcohol. Another is based on acetylene (divided into carbide acetylene and acetylene gas) for the preparation of vinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol. Currently, abroad mainly uses ethylene raw material to produce polyvinyl alcohol, but largely of China producers use acetylene feedstock to produce polyvinyl alcohol. Polyvinyl alcohol has more better of strong viscosity, and skin film flexibility, and smooth, resistance oily, resistance solvent, colloid protection, and gas resistance, and wear-resistant and water proof by special processing. Polyvinyl alcohol can be used in textile, and food, medicineand building, wood processing, paper-made, printing, and agricultural.